CITATION — REFERENCE ENTRY

automation-paradox · bainbridge-1983-ironies-automation

Revision b8c2e451-becc-41a5-973d-9d132624979f · 5/22/2026, 3:01:03 PM UTC
Claim ID
automation-paradox
Assertion
Automating most of a process leaves the human operator with the residual tasks of monitoring, intervening in abnormal conditions, and handling cases the automation cannot — even though sustained skill on those tasks is hardest to maintain without practice, an effect Bainbridge calls the central irony of automation.
Quote
This paper discusses the ways in which automation of industrial processes may expand rather than eliminate problems with the human operator.
Quote language
en
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