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Ironies of Automation — Automatica

Revision 682cc742-0001-4201-b94b-8125104e39d3 · 5/22/2026, 2:51:53 PM UTC
Key
bainbridge-1983-ironies-automation
Authors
Bainbridge, Lisanne
Issued
1983-11
Type
article-journal
Container
Automatica
Volume
19
Issue
6
Pages
775-779
Raw CSL JSON
{
  "DOI": "10.1016/0005-1098(83)90046-8",
  "URL": "https://ckrybus.com/static/papers/Bainbridge_1983_Automatica.pdf",
  "page": "775-779",
  "type": "article-journal",
  "issue": "6",
  "title": "Ironies of Automation",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Lisanne",
      "family": "Bainbridge"
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        1983,
        11
      ]
    ]
  },
  "volume": "19",
  "container-title": "Automatica"
}

Claims

  1. Automating most of a process leaves the human operator with the residual tasks of monitoring, intervening in abnormal conditions, and handling cases the automation cannot — even though sustained skill on those tasks is hardest to maintain without practice, an effect Bainbridge calls the central irony of automation.
    "This paper discusses the ways in which automation of industrial processes may expand rather than eliminate problems with the human operator."
    Quote language: en
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