CITATION — REFERENCE ENTRY

Are New Gender-Neutral Pronouns Difficult to Process in Reading? The Case of Hen in Swedish — Frontiers in Psychology

Revision ddc85834-9412-4de1-8e6d-f858330fdbec · 10/6/2026, 3:32:01 PM UTC
Key
vergoossen-2020-hen-processing
Authors
Vergoossen, Hellen P.; Pärnamets, Philip; Renström, Emma A.; Gustafsson Sendén, Marie
Issued
2020
Type
article-journal
Container
Frontiers in Psychology
Volume
11
Raw CSL JSON
{
  "DOI": "10.3389/fpsyg.2020.574356",
  "URL": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.574356/full",
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "Are New Gender-Neutral Pronouns Difficult to Process in Reading? The Case of Hen in Swedish",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Hellen P.",
      "family": "Vergoossen"
    },
    {
      "given": "Philip",
      "family": "Pärnamets"
    },
    {
      "given": "Emma A.",
      "family": "Renström"
    },
    {
      "given": "Marie",
      "family": "Gustafsson Sendén"
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2020
      ]
    ]
  },
  "volume": "11",
  "language": "en",
  "container-title": "Frontiers in Psychology"
}

Claims

  1. Participants in the study rated hen positively on average (3.30 on a 4-point scale); about one-third encountered it with some frequency in daily life and two-thirds rarely or never did.
    Locator: section: Results
  2. An eye-tracking study found that readers spent 43 ms longer (about 0.86%) in the region after hen than after she or he, with no extra cost at the pronoun itself, and concluded that gender-neutral pronouns need not be avoided because of processing difficulty.
    "The results do not support that gender-neutral pronouns should be avoided because they are difficult to process."
    Locator: section: Abstract and results · Quote language: en
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