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Towards score following in sheet music images — Proceedings of the 17th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference

Revision 603a3f3d-fa82-44a8-a10c-b1c1e8d19dde · 11/1/2026, 5:14:54 PM UTC
Key
dorfer2016-sheet-music-score-following
Authors
Dorfer, Matthias; Arzt, Andreas; Widmer, Gerhard
Issued
2016
Type
paper-conference
Container
Proceedings of the 17th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference
Raw CSL JSON
{
  "URL": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.05050",
  "type": "paper-conference",
  "title": "Towards score following in sheet music images",
  "author": [
    {
      "given": "Matthias",
      "family": "Dorfer"
    },
    {
      "given": "Andreas",
      "family": "Arzt"
    },
    {
      "given": "Gerhard",
      "family": "Widmer"
    }
  ],
  "issued": {
    "date-parts": [
      [
        2016
      ]
    ]
  },
  "event-place": "New York, NY",
  "container-title": "Proceedings of the 17th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference"
}

Claims

  1. Score following systems have depended on a symbolic, computer-readable score such as MusicXML or MIDI, created manually or by optical music recognition, which remains unreliable for complex music. Dorfer, Arzt, and Widmer proposed an end-to-end multi-modal convolutional network that takes images of sheet music and audio spectrograms and predicts where in a staff a short audio snippet occurs; their proof of concept was limited to monophonic piano music and single staff lines.
    "So far all approaches to this task depend on a symbolic, computer-readable representation of the sheet music, such as MusicXML or MIDI [...]. This representation is created either manually [...] or automatically via optical music recognition software. Unfortunately automatic methods are still highly unreliable and thus of limited use, especially for more complex music like orchestral scores. [...] It consists of an end-to-end multi-modal convolutional neural network that takes as input images of sheet music and spectrograms of the respective audio snippets. [...] the system is fed only a single staff line at a time (not a full page of score). We restrict ourselves to monophonic music, and to the piano."
    Locator: section: Abstract, 1, 2.1 · Quote language: en
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