tophi · ahn-so-2024-pathogenesis-of-gout

Advanced gout is characterized by tophi, chronic inflammatory responses, and structural joint damage. Tophi usually appear clinically in people with a longer duration of gout (at least 10 years) and higher serum uric acid levels. Tophi are commonly found in articular, periarticular, and subcutaneous areas such as joints, bone, cartilage, tendons, and skin. ... There is a close relationship between the presence of tophi and structural damage in joints affected by gout.