CITATION — REFERENCE ENTRY
Outsourcing Memory to External Tools: A Review of 'Intention Offloading' — Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
- Key
- gilbert-et-al-2023-intention-offloading
- Authors
- Gilbert, Sam J.; Boldt, Annika; Sachdeva, Chhavi; Scarampi, Chiara; Tsai, Pei-Chun
- Issued
- 2023-2
- Type
- article-journal
- Container
- Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 60-76
Raw CSL JSON
{
"DOI": "10.3758/s13423-022-02139-4",
"URL": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9971128/",
"page": "60-76",
"type": "article-journal",
"issue": "1",
"title": "Outsourcing Memory to External Tools: A Review of 'Intention Offloading'",
"author": [
{
"given": "Sam J.",
"family": "Gilbert"
},
{
"given": "Annika",
"family": "Boldt"
},
{
"given": "Chhavi",
"family": "Sachdeva"
},
{
"given": "Chiara",
"family": "Scarampi"
},
{
"given": "Pei-Chun",
"family": "Tsai"
}
],
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2023,
2
]
]
},
"volume": "30",
"container-title": "Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"
}
Claims
-
Metacognitive interventions that manipulate practice difficulty and feedback wording can shift participants' use of external reminders without changing their underlying memory ability, with the shift in reminder-setting mediated by changes in confidence.
"Results showed that the metacognitive interventions influenced confidence: Participants were significantly more confident after receiving positive feedback, and when they received easy practice trials. However, there was no effect on objective accuracy. The metacognitive interventions also influenced reminder bias: To the extent that participants became more confident, they relied less on external reminders. Further, mediation analysis showed that shifts in reminder bias were mediated by shifts in confidence."
-
When given an optimal-reminders paradigm in which costs and benefits of internal memory versus external reminders are calibrated, participants systematically set reminders more often than would be optimal, a bias attributed in part to a preference for avoiding cognitive effort.
"Studies using this paradigm have consistently found evidence for a systematic bias: Individuals tend to set reminders on a greater number of trials (and, equivalently, use internal memory on a smaller number of trials) than would be optimal"
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