Tracking Beats and Microtiming in Afro-Latin American Music Using Conditional Random Fields and Deep Learning — Proceedings of the 20th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2019)

Claims

1. candombe-beat-displacement
   Beat tracking models not trained on candombe usually fail by displacing the beat by one sixteenth note, due to an accent in the rhythmic pattern.

   "This could allow to apply non pre-trained beat tracking models to candombe recordings, which usually fail in estimating the beat location by displacing it one sixteenth note (due to an accent in the rhythmic pattern)."

   Quote language: en
2. forms-and-measurement
   Microtiming can take the form of tempo variations (rubato, accelerando) or small-scale deviations from a regular metrical grid; studying it requires knowing both expected grid positions and actual event positions, inferred from onsets, tempo, or beats.

   "Depending on the musical context, microtiming can take the form of tempo variations, like rubato or accelerando, or small-scale deviations of events with respect to an underlying regular metrical grid [22]. Therefore, in order to study microtiming deviations one has to know the expected position of the events within the metrical grid and the actual articulated positions—which can be inferred from information related to the onset positions, the tempo and/or the beats."

   Locator: section: 1. Introduction · Quote language: en
3. joint-tracking
   Microtiming refers to small-scale temporal deviations of musical events from the underlying regular metrical grid, which appear systematically in Afro-Latin American music; the authors jointly track beats and microtiming in timekeeper instruments of Brazilian samba and Uruguayan candombe.

   "Events in music frequently exhibit small-scale temporal deviations (microtiming), with respect to the underlying regular metrical grid. In some cases, as in music from the Afro-Latin American tradition, such deviations appear systematically, disclosing their structural importance in rhythmic and stylistic configuration. In this work we explore the idea of automatically and jointly tracking beats and microtiming in timekeeper instruments of Afro-Latin American music, in particular Brazilian samba and Uruguayan candombe."

   Locator: section: Abstract · Quote language: en
4. sixteenth-note-level
   Samba and candombe both exhibit microtiming deviations at the sixteenth-note level with no deviations at beat positions; the microtiming profile differs between the two styles.

   "Nevertheless, both rhythms have in common that they exhibit microtiming deviations at the sixteenth note level [22, 28, 32], with no deviations in the beat positions."

   Locator: section: 1. Introduction · Quote language: en
5. swing-groove
   The interaction of microtiming deviations with other rhythmic dimensions contributes to what has been described as swing or groove; systematic use of such deviations is structurally important in many genres.

   "The interaction between microtiming deviations and other rhythmic dimensions contribute to what has been described as the sense of ‘swing’ or ‘groove’ [8, 9, 30]. The systematic use of these deviations is of structural importance in the rhythmic and stylistic configuration of many musical genres."

   Locator: section: 1. Introduction · Quote language: en